Earth is constantly under the influence of radiation from space. The biosphere on Earth is protected by the atmosphere and magnetic field, which absorb and direct a large part of the radiation that reaches the Earth. During a supernova explosion, an additional amount of radiation reaches the Earth. In order to be able to observe changes in organisms under the influence of this radiation, it must have enough energy to penetrate to the surface of the Earth and affect organisms. The amount of radiation reaching the Earth and its impact on the atmosphere depend primarily on the distance of the supernova and the energy of the primary radiation. The appearance of the galactic magnetic field is a key piece of information in determining the energy of primary radiation, which upon contact with the atmosphere reacts with it in two ways: primary radiation changes its chemical composition or by creating secondary particles, muons and neutrons. The main effect of the influence of primary radiation on the atmosphere is the reduction of the amount of ozone, which leads to an increased penetration of ultraviolet B radiation to the Earth. It greatly affects organisms, their development, behavior during radiation exposure, mutations, hormones, frequency of organ cancer and DNA changes. By observing the amount of radiation that reaches the Earth, we can determine the impact on the biosphere and the development of organisms and damage. On the other hand, as a supernova consists of heavy elements, during its explosion particles of its composition are released into interstellar space and these particles reach the earth, so by analyzing the Earth's crust and the number of radioisotopes, especially iron, we can speculate about the time of the explosion and its duration impact of radiation on the Earth.