Vitamin A and vitamin E are fat-soluble vitamins. These nutrients cannot be synthesized in the human body, thus they are considered essential and have to be ingested through food. Vitamin A is necessary for maintaining eye health and normal dark vision. It regulates cell growth and differentiation, process of bone resorption, supports the development of the immune system, health of the reproductive system and development of the fetus during pregnancy. Vitamin A deficiency most commonly occurs in children and pregnant women and causes vision problems, changes in the epithelium, a weakened immune response, abnormal fetal development or miscarriage. Carotenoids, plant metabolites whose metabolism produces the biologically active form of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), show strong antioxidant properties. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant that „scavanges“ free radicals in the cell membrane. It reduces oxidative stress, the risk of cardiovascular diseases and decline of cognitive function. Also, it increases fertility in both sexes and the immune system response. Vitamin E deficiency is very rare.