Biotechnology is a branch of science that uses biological processes to develop new products. Today, biotechnology is increasingly focusing its attention on plant viruses. Plant viruses have proven to be an excellent basis for the development of virus nanoparticles (VNP) and virus-like nanoparticles (VLP), the new generation of nanocarriers. Plant viruses are very specific about the cells with which they interact. The specific structure of plant viruses enables interactions with healthy and diseased cells in tissues. Nanoparticles made from plant viruses can be modified to target different cells with the same specificity. In cancer treatment, plant viruses are being explored as carriers for chemotherapeutic agents. In vaccine development, plant nanoparticles are being explored as the basis for protein vaccines. Vaccines against COVID - 19 using plant viruses are in preclinical and clinical trials. The use of plant nanoparticles in molecular imaging provides a cleaner image and reduces the toxicity of chemicals compared to conventional methods. For this reason, research into VNP-s and VLP-s is one of the foundations for the future of medicine.