| Abstract | Riblja ulja oduvijek su bila veoma važna u ljudskoj prehrani zbog svojih nutritivnih vrijednosti i pozitivnih učinaka na ljudsko zdravlje. U ovom radu određivale su se hlapljive komponente sirovih, izbjeljenih i deodoriziranih ribljih ulja te njihovih destilata primjenom metode uzorkovanja temenjene na mikroekstrakciji na čvrstoj fazi (SPME) i analiziranih plinskom kromatografijom (GC). Ispitivani uzorci su: ulje iz otpada tune, ulje iz jetre tune, ulje srdele, ulje iz otpada srdele te ulje lubina i komarče. Postupak rafinacije pokazao se učinkovitim za ulja otpada tune, ulje jetre tune te ulje lubina i komarče. Ulje iz otpada srdele sadržavalo je najveće ukupne koncentracije hlapljivih komponenti kao što su etanol, pentanal, 4–metilpenten – 2–ol, dodekan, 1–tetradecen, tetradekan, E,Z– 2,6–nonadienal, E,E –2,4–dekadienal; dok ulje lubina i komarče pokazuje najniže ukupne koncentracije. Ulja dobivena od riba iz uzgoja (tuna, lubin i komarča) sadržavala su niže koncentracije hlapljivih komponenti. Nakon rafinacije koncentracije hlapljivih komponenti u ovim uljima su opadale. U uljima dobivenim od srdele i otpada srdele zabilježen je porast koncentracija hlapljivih komponenti vjerojatno uzrokovanih visokim temperaturama kojima je ulje izloženo tijekom postupka rafinacije. Sva ispitivana ulja sadržavaju visoku koncentraciju smjese pentadekana i 2,4–heptadienala. |
| Abstract (english) | Fish oil has always been very important in human diet because of its nutritional value and its positive effects on human health. In this thesis volatile components were determined in crude, bleached and deodorized fish oils and its destillate using the sampling method of the solid phase microextraction (SFME) and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Tested samples are: oil from tuna waste, liver oil tuna, sardines oil, oil from waste of sardines and oil of sea bass and sea bream. Refining process has proven to be effective for oils from waste of tuna, liver oil tuna, oil of sea bass and sea bream. Oil from waste of sardines contained the highest total concentration of volatile components such sa ethanol, pentanal, 4– methylpentene–2–ol, dodecane, 1–tetradecene, tetradecane, E,Z–2,6–nonadienal, E,E–2,4– dekadienal; while oil of sea bass and sea bream shows the lowest total concentration. Oils made from farmed fish (tuna, sea bass and sea bream) showed lower concentration of volatile components, after refining the concentration of volatile components in this oils are decreased. In the oils obtained from sardines and its waste it was recorded an increase in the concentration of volatile components, likely caused by the high temperature that the oil was exposed during the refining process. All tested oils contained a high concentration mixture of pentadecane and 2,4–heptadienal. |
